Investigation of allelopathic effect of some plant oils on germination of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

16th EWRS Symposium 2013, Samsun, Turkey

Investigation of allelopathic effect of some plant oils on germination of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

Y.E. Kitiş, Y.E. Eser
Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department,
32260 Isparta, Turkey
emrekitis@sdu.edu.tr

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) are important weed species which are problem in many crops. In this study, allelopathic effects of plant oils belonging to different plant species on seed germination of common vetch and redroot pigweed were investigated. For this purpose, 12 different plant species (anise (Illicium verum Hook.f.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.), mustard (Brassica alba L.), black seed (Nigella sativa L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfad.), lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.))’s oils obtained by steam distillation and cold pressing methods were applied at various doses on seeds of these two weed species. Twenty-five seeds for common vetch and a hundred seeds for redroot pigweed put into each nine cm diameter sterile petri dishes. Different doses (0, 5µℓ, 10µℓ and 15µℓ) of plant oils were mixed with ten ml pure water and applied to petri dishes. Seeds of common vetch and redroot pigweed left to germinate at 20 °C and 30 °C, respectively. The seeds were counted on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th and 19th days from the beginning of the experiment and when their radicula length reached to 0,5 cm, accepted as germinated. As a result of the experiment, Amaranthus retroflexus was determined to be more sensitive to plant oils than Vicia sativa. The all plant oils (except Ricinus communis oil) inhibited germination of Amaranthus retroflexus at different ratios. Most effective plant oil was found Syzygium aromaticum against to redroot pigweed and M. piperita, I. verum, F. vulgare and O. basilicum was followed respectively. S. aromaticum oil reduced germination of Amaranthus retroflexus by 7%, 99% and 100% at the rate of 5µℓ, 10µℓ and 15µℓ, respectively. One of the most effective species was found Mentha piperita to redroot pigweed. The oil of peppermint reduced germination by 56%, 64% and 96% at the rate of 5µℓ, 10µℓ and 15µℓ, respectively. Vicia sativa was affected by just clove and peppermint oils. Reduction of germination by clove oil at the rate of 5µℓ, 10µℓ and 15µℓ was 96%, 96% and 100% respectively. Peppermint oil caused reduction of germination by 0%, 8% and 56% at the same ratio respectively. Efficacy ratio of the other species on germination of common vetch remained between 0% – 8% level at the highest dose. In conclusion, oil of Syzygium aromaticum was found the most effective plant oil among the tested plants for both weed species and it is promising that can be used in practice. Therefore, field experiments should be done.

Kaynak (Source): KİTİŞ Y.E., ESER, Y.E., 2013. Investigation of allelopathic effect of some plant oils on germination of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) 16th European Weed Research Society Symposium, 24-27 June 2013, Samsun/Turkey 173.

Symposium web site and program: https://www.ewrs2013.org/latest-news.aspx?id=30

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Flame weeding effects on some weed species

16th EWRS Symposium 2013, Samsun, Turkey

Flame weeding effects on some weed species

Y.E. Kitiş, Y.E. Gök
Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department,
32260 Isparta, Turkey
emrekitis@sdu.edu.tr

Flame weeding is one of the important alternative weed control method to chemical herbicides. Because, flaming provides rapid weed control and does not leave residue. In organic farming, flame weeding is also important alternative when mechanical methods are less effective. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the influence of weed developmental stage and time of exposure to heat on weed control efficacy in comparison with herbicide (glyphosate). For this purpose, response to flaming was evaluated on six common weed species: common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) and swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum). Weed species were marked at two different developmental stages (to be different for each species) in fields. The growth stages of each weed species were based on number of leaves. Flame treatments were performed using a hand-held, unshielded 63 mm diameter single burner system. The burner positioned 20 cm above weed surface and angled horizontally at 30º. The application speeds (conducted by walking) were 1,5 and 3,0 km h-1. Flame was applied with two bar pressure (200 kPa) on weed species at two different stages of development. The fuel consumption of burner with two bar pressure is 8,9 kg/h. In the herbicide group, glyphosate was applied at the recommended dose depending on the weed species (300 ml/da for annual weeds, 600 ml/da for perennial weed) simultaneously with the application of flame. Weed species were observed on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after treatment (DAT) and visually evaluated according to a scale from 0 to 100%, where 0 represented no plant injury and 100 represented plant death. End of the visual observation (at 14 DAT), weeds were harvested from fields and dried for 72 hours in 65 °C to determine dry weight. The experimental design was a completely randomized with ten replications. Weed response to broadcast flaming varied dependent upon weed species, developmental stage and duration of flaming. According to the data of dry weight; flaming of both application speeds controlled by 100% in both growth stages of common lambsquarters (2-4 / 6-8 leaves stage), redroot pigweed (2-4 / 6-8 leaves stage), black nightshade (4-6 / 8-10 leaves stage) and common cocklebur (0-2 / 4-5 leaves stage). Swallow wort was controlled by flaming in both application speeds approximately 80% and 90%, respectively in both developmental stages (4-6 / 8-10 leaves stage). Prickly lettuce at first growth stage (2-4 leaves) was controlled by flaming at 100%, but at second growth stage (6-8 leaves) this proportion reduced by up to 48%. Therefore, it is understood that, growth stage is very important for prickly lettuce control by flaming. There were no differences in terms of efficiency between application speeds of flaming in all weed species. Herbicide gave good result as much as flaming for all species except common cocklebur and swallow wort. These results show that flaming has an excellent potential for weed control, especially for annual weed species.

Kaynak (Source): KİTİŞ Y.E., GÖK, Y.E., 2013. Flame weeding effects on some weed species. 16th European Weed Research Society Symposium, 24-27 June 2013, Samsun/Turkey 172.

Symposium web site and program: https://www.ewrs2013.org/latest-news.aspx?id=30

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