flaming | Dr. Yasin Emre KİTİŞ

New Approaches for Weed Management

4 01 2019

Yasin Emre KİTİŞ

Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, emrekitis@akdeniz.edu.tr

Abstract
Weeds, which are one of the most important factors limiting agricultural activities, are
defined as unwanted plants and their control is as old as the beginning of agriculture. In this process, which began with hand-weeding and evolved into tools that use advanced modern technology today, although weed species do not change much, the tools and techniques used to control them vary widely. Nowadays, with the increase in the problems caused by the use of intensive pesticides, important developments have been recorded in alternative techniques and methods for chemical control. In this study, the latest techniques used in weed management which especially these alternative methods, have been compiled.

Keywords: Alternative control, flaming, freezing, laser, microwave

Yabancı Ot Yönetiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar

Özet
Tarımsal faaliyetleri sınırlayan en önemli unsurlardan biri olan ve istenmeyen yerlerde
yetişen bitkiler olarak tanımlanan yabancı otlar ile mücadele tarımın başlangıcı kadar eski bir olgudur. El ile ayıklamayla başlayan ve günümüzde ileri modern teknolojinin kullanıldığı araçlara evrilen bu süreçte, yabancı ot türleri çok fazla değişmese de onları kontrol etmek için kullanılan araç ve teknikler büyük çeşitlilik arz etmektedir. Günümüzde özellikle yoğun tarım ilacı kullanımının sebep olduğu sorunların artmasıyla birlikte, kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif teknik ve yöntemler konusunda önemli gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, özellikle bu alternatif yöntemler başta olmak üzere, yabancı ot yönetiminde kullanılan en son teknikler derlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Alternatif kontrol, alevleme, dondurma, lazer, mikrodalga.

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Etiketler: Alevle yabancı ot kontrolü, Alternative control, Dondurarak yabancı ot kontrolü, flaming, freezing, Laser, Lazer, microwave, Mikrodalga, yabancı ot kontrolü, yeni yöntem
Kategoriler : Agronomy, Biyoloji, Tarım, Weed Science

Mısır Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Dozlarda Alev Uygulamasının Yabancı Ot Kontrolüne Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

11 02 2014

Türkiye V. Bitki Koruma Kongresi

3-5 Şubat 2014, Antalya

Mısır Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Dozlarda Alev Uygulamasının Yabancı Ot Kontrolüne Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Tolga ÇOLAKOĞLU¹ Yasin Emre KİTİŞ²*

¹ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, ISPARTA

² Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, ANTALYA

* Sorumlu yazar: emrekitis@yahoo.com

Deneme, SDÜ, Tarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi’ne ait arazide, 2013 yılında kurulmuştur. Mayıs ayının ilk haftası bir dekarlık alana mısır (Zea mays L. cv. “Dekalp”) ekimi yapılmıştır. Denemede 13 farklı uygulama yer almıştır. Alev uygulamalarında üç farklı doz (2.16, 3.24 ve 4.32 kg LPG/da) kullanılmış ve sadece sıra üzerindeki yabancı otlara uygulanmıştır. Her doz için bir kez alevleme + sıra arası çapa, sadece bir kez alevleme ve iki kez alevleme olmak üzere dokuz alev uygulaması yapılmıştır. Alevleme mısırın üç yapraklı döneminde uygulanmış, iki kez alev uygulamasında ise yedi yapraklı dönemde tekrar edilmiştir. Uygulamalar 1.8 km/h sabit hızda, traktöre entegre edilen basınç ayarlı alevleme makinesi ile yapılmıştır. Alev uygulamasıyla aynı dönemde, tek başına ve ara çapasıyla kombineli olmak üzere iki herbisit uygulaması yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla 15 g/da dozda foramsulfuron etkili maddeli herbisit kullanılmıştır. Denemede ayrıca tek başına ara çapası ve yabancı otlu kontrol uygulamaları yer almıştır. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü kurulmuştur. Uygulamaların yabancı otlar ve mısırın gelişimi üzerine etkisi periyodik gözlemlerle belirlenmiştir. Mısırın kritik periyodu içerisinde yapılan gözlemler dikkate alındığında, ara çapasıyla kombine edilen alev uygulamalarında yabancı otların kaplama alanı ortalama % 7, ara çapasıyla kombineli herbisit uygulamasında % 13, tek başına herbisit uygulamasında % 44, kontrolde ise % 81 olarak saptanmıştır. Deneme süresince yapılan tüm gözlemler dikkate alındığında, tüm uygulamaların kontrole göre yabancı otlanmayı azalttığı, en iyi sonucun ara çapasıyla kombine edilen alev uygulamalarından alındığı, bunu herbisit + ara çapası uygulamasının takip ettiği görülmüştür. Mısır bitkisinin tane verimine bakıldığında, en yüksek verim 1336 kg/da ile yüksek dozda alev + çapa uygulamasından elde edilmiş, bunu 1284 kg/da ile herbisit + çapa uygulaması takip etmiştir. Bu sonuçlar dikkate alındığında, alevlemenin kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif, etkin bir mücadele yöntemi olabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yabancı ot, mısır, alevleme

Determination of the Effect of Flaming at Different Doses on Weed Control in Maize Cultivation

The experiment was established in Agricultural Research and Application Center of Süleyman Demirel University in 2013. Maize (Zea mays L. cv. “Dekalp”) was sown in area of one decare in the first week of May. 13 different applications took part in the experiment. Three different doses (21.6, 32.4 and 43.2 kg LPG/ha) were used in flame applications and only applied on rows. Once flaming + hoeing between rows, only once flaming and twice flaming applications were performed for each dose. Flaming was applied to the three leaf period of corn and was repeated in the seven leaf period for twice flaming application. The applications were performed with pressure adjustable flame machine integrated into the tractor at 1,8 km/h constant speed. Two herbicide applications that one of them was only herbicide, another was combining with hoeing were performed at the same time of flaming. For this purpose, the herbicide including foramsulfuron as an active ingredient was used at 150 g/ha dose. The applications that only hoeing between rows and weedy control were also performed in the experiment. The experiment was established a randomized complete block design with four replications. The effects of the applications on weeds and corn development periodically observed. According to observation in critical period of maize, weed cover proportion was found mainly 7% in flaming applications combining with hoeing. Weed cover ratios in herbicide + hoeing, only herbicide and weedy control applications were found 13%, 44% and 81% respectively. According to all observations made during the experiment, all applications reduced weed population according to control. The flaming applications combining with hoeing was found the most effective treatments. The second best result was held from herbicide + hoeing application. According to grain yield values, the highest yield (13360 kg/ha) was held from high dose flame + hoeing application. The second best result (12840 kg/ha) was obtained from herbicide + hoeing application. According to these results, it is understood that flaming can be effective alternative to chemical control.

Keywords: Weed, maize, flaming

Kaynak : ÇOLAKOĞLU, T., KİTİŞ Y.E., 2014. Mısır Yetiştiriciliğinde Farklı Dozlarda Alev Uygulamasının Yabancı Ot Kontrolüne Etkisinin Belirlenmesi. Türkiye V. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 3-5 Şubat 2014, Antalya, 382. s.

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Etiketler: alevleme, flame weeding, flaming, herbicide, herbisit, maize, mısır, weed, yabancı ot
Kategoriler : Tarım

Flame weeding effects on some weed species

1 07 2013

16th EWRS Symposium 2013, Samsun, Turkey

Flame weeding effects on some weed species

Y.E. Kitiş, Y.E. Gök
Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department,
32260 Isparta, Turkey
emrekitis@sdu.edu.tr

Flame weeding is one of the important alternative weed control method to chemical herbicides. Because, flaming provides rapid weed control and does not leave residue. In organic farming, flame weeding is also important alternative when mechanical methods are less effective. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the influence of weed developmental stage and time of exposure to heat on weed control efficacy in comparison with herbicide (glyphosate). For this purpose, response to flaming was evaluated on six common weed species: common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) and swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum). Weed species were marked at two different developmental stages (to be different for each species) in fields. The growth stages of each weed species were based on number of leaves. Flame treatments were performed using a hand-held, unshielded 63 mm diameter single burner system. The burner positioned 20 cm above weed surface and angled horizontally at 30º. The application speeds (conducted by walking) were 1,5 and 3,0 km h-1. Flame was applied with two bar pressure (200 kPa) on weed species at two different stages of development. The fuel consumption of burner with two bar pressure is 8,9 kg/h. In the herbicide group, glyphosate was applied at the recommended dose depending on the weed species (300 ml/da for annual weeds, 600 ml/da for perennial weed) simultaneously with the application of flame. Weed species were observed on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after treatment (DAT) and visually evaluated according to a scale from 0 to 100%, where 0 represented no plant injury and 100 represented plant death. End of the visual observation (at 14 DAT), weeds were harvested from fields and dried for 72 hours in 65 °C to determine dry weight. The experimental design was a completely randomized with ten replications. Weed response to broadcast flaming varied dependent upon weed species, developmental stage and duration of flaming. According to the data of dry weight; flaming of both application speeds controlled by 100% in both growth stages of common lambsquarters (2-4 / 6-8 leaves stage), redroot pigweed (2-4 / 6-8 leaves stage), black nightshade (4-6 / 8-10 leaves stage) and common cocklebur (0-2 / 4-5 leaves stage). Swallow wort was controlled by flaming in both application speeds approximately 80% and 90%, respectively in both developmental stages (4-6 / 8-10 leaves stage). Prickly lettuce at first growth stage (2-4 leaves) was controlled by flaming at 100%, but at second growth stage (6-8 leaves) this proportion reduced by up to 48%. Therefore, it is understood that, growth stage is very important for prickly lettuce control by flaming. There were no differences in terms of efficiency between application speeds of flaming in all weed species. Herbicide gave good result as much as flaming for all species except common cocklebur and swallow wort. These results show that flaming has an excellent potential for weed control, especially for annual weed species.

Kaynak (Source): KİTİŞ Y.E., GÖK, Y.E., 2013. Flame weeding effects on some weed species. 16th European Weed Research Society Symposium, 24-27 June 2013, Samsun/Turkey 172.

Symposium web site and program: https://www.ewrs2013.org/latest-news.aspx?id=30

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